The Four Stages of Jiujitsu
- Read
- 14 min
- Planted
- 2023.06.23
- Last tended
- 2026.10.21
How I learned jiu-jitsu, as four stages: get the fight to the ground, guard and pass, pin, attack. Each position lists the techniques I've written up; open one for the steps and a video.
Attack is any move that works toward the top or a finish: sweeps, passes, pins, submissions. Defend is any move that keeps you safe or gets you out: guard retention, defenses, escapes. Each stage's table counts the techniques written up for each.
Stage One: Get to the Ground
People are most athletic on their feet. Trading punches with that person that is bigger than you is not a winning strategy. Taking that person down can reduce the power they can use against you.
| Position | Attack | Defend |
|---|---|---|
| Falling and Standing | - | 3 |
Falling and Standing
Stage Two: Guard and Pass
The fight goes to the floor in two ways:
- You (Top Fighter) take the opponent down, or
- They put you (Bottom Fighter) down.
The Bottom Fighter fights with their legs and arms in Guard. They have three goals:
- Sweep or reverse the top fighter,
- Stand up, or
- Attack with strangles, joint locks or striking.
The Top Fighter tries to get past the legs to pin the Bottom Fighter. There are three fundamental Guards: Closed, Open and Half.
| Position | Attack | Defend |
|---|---|---|
| Closed Guard | 1 | 1 |
| Open Guard | 2 | 2 |
| Half Guard | 4 | 1 |
| Guard Passing | 3 | - |
Closed Guard
Class notes:
- Base out, posture up, kick out of the grabs
- Throw by sweep to belly pin
Class notes:
- Grab the ankles, then
- push the thighs down, or
- butterfly hooks
- Sweep counter: cross ashi, double trouble
Open Guard
Supine: video. Seated (open, crossed, butterfly): video.
Rare with trained practitioners but viable in a street fight
- Hook Both Knees to catch Opponent
- Grab Both Ankles with Hands
- Remove one Foot and place on Opponent's Hip
- Push Hip and Pull Both Ankles toward you and up in a J-motion
The name of the game is re-centering your guard to keep the Opponent below your Hipline. When Opponent gets close to passing your Hips, use the outside leg to reset your guard.
- Pinch Knee to Elbow on Opponent's Pass side (Inside)
- No matter what, do not use your Inside Leg to reset
- Extending your Inside Leg exposes your Hip for the Opponent to Pin
- Use Outside Leg to cross over and make contact with their passing Shoulder
- Push the Foot into their Shoulder to reset guard
- Do not use too much force, otherwise Opponent will use it against you in a Throw By Sweep
- Your force should be enough to lift your butt off the ground to scoot into its reset
When Opponent passes your Hips for a Pin, your Hands must get involved
- Extend Inside Arm to their Shoulder (or Leg of taller Opponent)
- Turn into your Opponent to not give up your Back
- Push and pivot body to recenter Guard
Controlling the Legs or Ankles and Pushing the Hips
- Hook Opponent's Knees with the tops of your Feet
- Grab Opponent's nearest Ankle and lift toward you
- Unhook Ankle gripped Foot and move to Opponent's Hip
- Use a Push/Pull mechanism with the Hip (Push) and Knee (Pull) to sweep
- Stand without losing hold of the Ankle to complete the Sweep
Half Guard
Class notes:
- Low to high shield: two point arm frame
- Roll through sweep; hand weave counter
- Offense: backside heel hook, to ashi double trouble
- If they turn to sit: ground forehead, turn with them, base hand, inside knee up, turn in, slip outside
- Defense: escape
- Against a heavy opponent:
- If you can scoop the leg: kick the high knee up through the armpit, sit up and hip scoop to dog fight offense
- If you can't: head inside to hip scoop to roll through sweep
Lockdowns are a Leg Control Mechanism used in Half Guard to transition Top Opponents into submissions and sweeps. The technique was popularized by Eddie Bravo of 10th Planet Jiu Jitsu.
- Bring Outside Foot Inside Opponent's Leg
- Bring Inside Foot over Outside Foot which hooks behind the calf
- Slide Inside Foot into top of Opponent's Foot
- Boot both Feet and twist out to lock Opponent's Foot
- Bring Knees to Head to lift and control Opponent's Leg
- Do not extend Legs, this lowers Opponent back into their Crossface
- Push with the Outside Leg, Pull with the Inside Leg
Once Lockdown is set, the goal is to transition from the Bottom position into the Top to gain control
- Establish Lockdown and get Hands on Opponent's Hips
- Lift Knees and use Hands to throw Opponent up and over you
- Turn toward Opponent and establish Hip Scoop with Top Hand
- Use Bottom Hand to find Opponent's Foot and get on your Elbow
- Unlock Lockdown, drag Bottom Leg underneath Opponent's Leg, and get on your Knees
- Pull Opponent's Foot in and drive Head forward to Sweep them
- Whip Opponent in direction of Lockdown to cause them to Base Out
- Your back may be exposed in this position
- Gooseneck Inside Arm and Slip Inside Elbow underneath Base Arm to win the Underhook
- Lift Knees and rock Opponent to opposite direction, exposing their Outside Leg
- Slip Outside Arm underneath their Leg, the bend of their Knee must sit on top of your Shoulder
- Lift Knees and rock Opponent back to Lockdown side, stretching the Outside Arm to secure the Knee
- This enters the Electric Chair from which you can get a Submission
- Transition to Side Control once Opponent bases out Elbow
- You can keep their Leg and pin Side Control with it
You can either find the Opponent's Lockdown Heel with your Foot and kick the Lockdown out, or slide your body down to make yourself small and neutralize the Lockdown, then freeing your Knee from their hold.
Class notes:
- Grip the armpits and move down
- Crossface
- Shoulder choke
Guard Passing
Class notes:
- All roads lead to mount: half guard, side control
- Back tracking: staple the leg with your foot
You must slide the out knee down their hip first for this to work.
- Hip switch
- Walk the bottom fighter square
- Climb the out knee to the hip
- Out foot to the bottom fighter's knee to release the in knee to the hip
- Swing the knees to the out side
- Keep knees tight to the bottom fighter, chest tight, hips tight: you want body to body
- Grab the Ankles with Hands down toward ground
- Pin Legs into Opponent
- Once you feel them kick out, rotate the Hands outward
- Step out in the direction of their momentum and swing in the same direction
- Block their Hips with your inside Hand to enter a Side Pin
- Alternatively, immediately step into their Hip and drop Knee in Belly Pin
Stage Three: Pins
The Top Fighter must control the Bottom Fighter once they pass the Bottom's legs. This is where the pin system comes in. Pins are defined as passing the Opponent's Legs and affixing yourself to either their Chest or Back. There are five:
- Side Control
- North-South
- Knee on Belly
- Full Mount
- Rear Mount
When you train in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, you'll have to learn how to use and escape all five pins. The five pins, video.
| Position | Attack | Defend |
|---|---|---|
| Side Control | - | 1 |
| North-South | 2 | 1 |
| Knee on Belly | - | 1 |
| Full Mount | - | 1 |
| Rear Mount | 3 | 2 |
Side Control

Class notes:
- High leverage: inside hand to forehead, outside hand to chest, hips in, bottom foot creeps to get a knee inside the opponent's hips
- Low leverage: outside hand to the opponent's shoulder
- If they go for the neck: inside hand to forehead, outside hand grabs the bicep and forces it out, inside hand grabs the arm and closes with the thumb, then use the bottom foot and inside hand to scoot out
- Can also go to a hip scoop?
- Elbow escape: shrimp to get a knee in; reverse shrimp if they block the first knee
North-South

Class notes:
- Three types: under-under, over-over, over-under
- Over-under is preferred for the kimura and hip control
- Side control to seated head-arm control, to the north-south headlock
Class notes:
- Standard
- East-west
- Reverse, from the bottom
Class notes:
- Early and late escapes
- High leg release, to the triangle hold
- High leg escape to open guard
- Knee shield reset
- Turtle
Knee on Belly

Class notes:
- To roll through: knee to their hip to unbalance them, turn toward them to get your knee to the ground, get your bottom knee under and through theirs, catch half guard, hands around the waist and scoop grip
- To dog fight: the same, but if they wizard
Full Mount

Class notes:
- Chest wrap
- Triangle hold
Rear Mount

- Legs over opponent's thighs, feet outstretched, never crossed for safety
- Seatbelt Grip
- Attack Arm: over opponent's shoulder, thumb down and into chest, arm covers sternum
- Support Arm: Under opponent's armpit, hand and thumb over Attack wrist (link)
- Fall to Attack Arm
- Chest to Back
- Chin on Shoulder for extra support
- Hooks are a bonus, but not required
- Step up, step over, and fall to dominant arm
Strangles cut off blood circulation and finish faster than Chokes, which only cut off the airway
The Hold
- Use Attack Thumb to saw the neck
- Attack Hand to Opponent's Shoulder Blade
- Tip: Close your elbow gap by reaching farther behind Shoulder Blade
- Forearm and Bicep create tension on arteries
The Finish (video)
- Keep Head close to Opponent's head
- Use Support Hand to fight off attacks, Slip underneath Opponent's arm
- Move Support Hand behind opponent's reach over Attack Hand
- Grab Attack Shoulder with Support Hand, grab Support Shoulder with Attack Hand
- Lock the hold with your chin on the Support Forearm
- Push Chest forward and twist body toward Attack Side to Finish
- Chin down!
- Alternatively, turn head toward Attack Elbow
- Intercept the Attack Arm
- Scoot butt down and away from Opponent
- Drive down to Opponent's Support Arm
- Drag Head Underneath Opponent's Head, rolling to Back
- Extend Hips up and Shrimp with Feet
- Push Butt out with Inside Leg Kick, turning toward Opponent
- Untie the Knot: reach behind to find Opponent's Support Hand, bring it over, and pin under your Arm
- If Seated: Fall on Opponent's Support Arm (video)
- Hand fight for Opponent's Attack Arm, grabbing their Attack wrist with both hands
- Straighten their Attack Arm and Shoulder and move Head underneath Attack Arm
- Pin Opponent's Arm together with Head on Opponent's Shoulder
- Unhook their feet and turn into Side Control
Stage Four: Attack
The final stage is having the knowledge and skill to finish the fight from these pins. There are three attack types:
- Strangles
- Joint Locks
- Striking
Source: Paxibellum
| Position | Attack | Defend |
|---|---|---|
| Foot Holds | 1 | 1 |
Foot Holds
Class notes:
- Foot hold
- Heel hook
Class notes:
- Heel hook: straighten the foot (point it, like ballet)
- Double trouble foot hold: double boot, lift your butt over the opponent's feet



