The Four Stages of Jiujitsu

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14 min
Planted
2023.06.23
Last tended
2026.10.21
  • jiu-jitsu
  • mma

How I learned jiu-jitsu, as four stages: get the fight to the ground, guard and pass, pin, attack. Each position lists the techniques I've written up; open one for the steps and a video.

Attack is any move that works toward the top or a finish: sweeps, passes, pins, submissions. Defend is any move that keeps you safe or gets you out: guard retention, defenses, escapes. Each stage's table counts the techniques written up for each.

Stage One: Get to the Ground

People are most athletic on their feet. Trading punches with that person that is bigger than you is not a winning strategy. Taking that person down can reduce the power they can use against you.

PositionAttackDefend
Falling and Standing-3

Falling and Standing

Stage Two: Guard and Pass

The fight goes to the floor in two ways:

  1. You (Top Fighter) take the opponent down, or
  2. They put you (Bottom Fighter) down.

The Bottom Fighter fights with their legs and arms in Guard. They have three goals:

  1. Sweep or reverse the top fighter,
  2. Stand up, or
  3. Attack with strangles, joint locks or striking.

The Top Fighter tries to get past the legs to pin the Bottom Fighter. There are three fundamental Guards: Closed, Open and Half.

PositionAttackDefend
Closed Guard11
Open Guard22
Half Guard41
Guard Passing3-

Closed Guard

Closed guard, video

Open Guard

Supine: video. Seated (open, crossed, butterfly): video.

Half Guard

Half guard, video

Guard Passing

Stage Three: Pins

The Top Fighter must control the Bottom Fighter once they pass the Bottom's legs. This is where the pin system comes in. Pins are defined as passing the Opponent's Legs and affixing yourself to either their Chest or Back. There are five:

  1. Side Control
  2. North-South
  3. Knee on Belly
  4. Full Mount
  5. Rear Mount

When you train in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, you'll have to learn how to use and escape all five pins. The five pins, video.

PositionAttackDefend
Side Control-1
North-South21
Knee on Belly-1
Full Mount-1
Rear Mount32

Side Control

Side control

North-South

North-south

Knee on Belly

Knee on belly

Full Mount

Full mount

Rear Mount

Rear mount

Stage Four: Attack

The final stage is having the knowledge and skill to finish the fight from these pins. There are three attack types:

  1. Strangles
  2. Joint Locks
  3. Striking

Source: Paxibellum

PositionAttackDefend
Foot Holds11

Foot Holds